Archaeology

Archaeology in Albania: Discover the Ancient Treasures of the Balkans

Despite its compact size, Albania is a hidden gem for archaeology lovers, offering a wealth of ancient ruins, historic cities, and well-preserved sites that span prehistoric, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, and medieval periods. From coastal cities to mountainous regions, Albania’s archaeological heritage reveals a rich and complex past waiting to be explored.

Whether you’re a seasoned history enthusiast or a curious traveler, the archaeological sites in Albania promise both cultural depth and breathtaking scenery.

Butrint Archaeological Park – A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Located near Saranda, the unofficial capital of the Albanian Riviera, Butrint is Albania’s most famous archaeological site — and for good reason. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, this ancient city was inhabited since prehistoric times and flourished as a Greek colony, a Roman city, and later a Byzantine bishopric.

Set amidst wetlands and Mediterranean landscapes, Butrint offers:

• A stunning Roman theatre

• A well-preserved baptistery with intricate mosaics

• City gates, basilicas, and ancient walls

• Scenic trails through forested ruins

Abandoned during the late Middle Ages due to rising marshes, Butrint is now a breathtaking fusion of nature, history, and tranquility.

Durrës – Home to the Largest Amphitheatre in the Balkans

Durrës, Albania’s second-largest city and a major coastal port, hides some of the country’s most compelling archaeological wonders behind its modern façade. The city’s highlight is the largest Roman amphitheatre in the Balkans, once capable of seating over 15,000 spectators.

Must-see attractions in Durrës:

• The Durrës Amphitheatre (2nd century AD)

• The Archaeological Museum of Durrës – housing artifacts from the Greek, Roman, and Byzantine eras

• The Venetian Tower

• A medieval public bath

• Remnants of a Byzantine marketplace

Durrës is a perfect stop for travelers who want to combine beach vibes with historical exploration.

Orikum – Where Caesar Landed in Albania

Located between Vlora and the picturesque Llogara Pass, Orikum is one of Albania’s oldest settlements. Famously, it was the first city taken by Julius Caesar during his invasion of Epirus in 48 BC. The main attraction is a small Roman theatre, which once seated around 400 people.

Things to know:

• Close to the Pasha Liman Naval Base (requires special access for visits)

• Rich Roman and Hellenistic layers

• Surrounded by beautiful beaches, ideal for blending culture with relaxation

Byllis – The Hidden Roman City in the Hills

Nestled in the Mallakastër hills, overlooking the Vjosa River, Byllis is one of Albania’s most impressive yet least visited archaeological parks. Originally an Illyrian settlement, it became a Roman colony under Julius Caesar.

Byllis offers:

• A massive stone theatre

• Two agorae (public squares)

• Remains of Roman roads and city walls

• Panoramic views and total tranquility — rarely disturbed by tourists

For those seeking an off-the-beaten-path archaeological experience, Byllis is a must.

Apollonia – A Cultural and Educational Hub of the Ancient World

Located near Fier, in central Albania, Apollonia was one of the most important cities in the ancient world. Founded in the 6th century BC by Greek colonists, it became a major economic, cultural, and educational center. Even Octavian Augustus, Rome’s first emperor, studied here.

Highlights of Apollonia:

• The Bouleuterion (council house) and Roman forum

• A beautifully preserved theatre and nymphaeum

• The Orthodox Monastery of St. Mary

• The Archaeological Museum of Apollonia, housed in the monastery complex

Easily accessible from both Fier and Vlora, Apollonia is a traveler favorite for good reason.

Phoenice – A Jewel of Southern Albania’s Past

Overlooking the valley near Saranda, the archaeological park of Phoenice (Finiq) was once a major center of the Epirus region. It played a prominent role in both ancient Greek and Byzantine history.

Top features:

• Ruins of an ancient acropolis

• Byzantine-era basilicas and city walls

• Strategic hilltop location with stunning views

• Quiet, uncrowded atmosphere ideal for peaceful exploration

Phoenice was abandoned in the 6th century but remains a testament to the region’s long and storied past.

Explore Albania’s Timeless Legacy

Whether you’re exploring Roman amphitheatres, Greek sanctuaries, or Byzantine basilicas, Albania’s archaeological heritage is as diverse as it is fascinating. With low tourist crowds, affordable access, and stunning natural surroundings, Albania is fast becoming one of Europe’s most exciting destinations for archaeology tourism.